Measurements Used in Radiology

Located in the X-Ray button group within the Measurements toolbar

Cardiothoracic Ratio

The cardiothoracic index is the ratio of the maximum diameter of the cardiac shadow to the internal diameter of the chest, measured above the domes of the diaphragm on a frontal X-ray, multiplied by 100

Construction in the Application

• Click on the dot in the far right corner of the heart shadow
• Click on the dot in the far left corner of the heart shadow
• With two clicks of the mouse, draw a line segment perpendicular to the spine at the widest part of the rib cage, above the diaphragm

In children, the normal value can reach 55%
In adults, three degrees of increase in the cardiothoracic index are distinguished:

• Grade I - slight increase - from 50 to 55%
• Grade II - moderate increase - from 56 to 60%
• Grade III - significant increase - over 60%

Longitudinal Flat feet

The angle of the longitudinal arch of the foot is determined on radiographs by constructing a triangle
Vertices of the triangle:

• Inferior point of the head of the first metatarsal bone
• Inferior point of contact between the bony surfaces of the navicular and cuneiform bones of the foot
• Inferior point of the calcaneal tubercle

Construction in the Application

For reference:
Normally, the foot arch angle is 125 - 130 degrees

• Flatfoot, grade I: arch angle 131 - 140 degrees
• Flatfoot, grade II: longitudinal internal arch angle 141 - 155 degrees
• Flatfoot, grade III: longitudinal internal arch angle greater than 155 degrees

Transverse Flat feet

On the X-ray images, three straight lines are drawn corresponding to the longitudinal axes of the first and second metatarsal bones and the axis of the proximal phalanx of the first toe

Construction in the Application

• ends of the longitudinal axis of the second metatarsal bone
• ends of the longitudinal axis of the first metatarsal bone
• ends of the longitudinal axis of the proximal phalanx of the first toe

Acetabular Angles

This measurement is intended for examining adults; for children - see below - "Hip Dysplasia"
Acetabular angles are calculated using the Hilgenreiner scheme
The "teardrop figure" is used as the lower landmark, and the upper edge of the acetabular roof as the upper landmark

Construction in the Application

• point of the roof of the right acetabulum
• "teardrop figure" of the right acetabulum
• "teardrop figure" of the left acetabulum
• point of the roof of the left acetabulum

• Normally, the angle is 33º - 38º
• A value of 39º - 46º is considered intermediate
• An angle greater than 47º is considered acetabular dysplasia

Hip Dysplasia

This measurement is intended for examining children; for adults - see above - "Acetabular Angles"
Calculation is performed using the Hilgenreiner scheme
Angles are formed by a horizontal line connecting the triradiate cartilages (Hilgenreiner's line) and lines that are extensions of the acetabular roofs
The values H and D are also calculated

Construction in the Application

• projection point of the roof of the right acetabulum
• right triradiate (Y-shaped) cartilage, upper point
• left triradiate (Y-shaped) cartilage, upper point
• projection point of the roof of the left acetabulum
• middle of the metaphyseal plate of the proximal part of the left femur
• middle of the metaphyseal plate of the proximal part of the right femur

• H - vertical displacement of the femoral head relative to the acetabulum - distance from Hilgenreiner's horizontal line to the middle of the metaphyseal plate of the proximal part of the femur
  Normally, this value is equal on both sides and ranges from 9 to 12 mm
• The D value indicates lateral displacement of the femoral head relative to the acetabulum - distance from the bottom of the acetabulum to the vertical line (value h)
  Normally equal on both sides and should not exceed 15 mm

Shortening of the Lower Limb

The application is based on a method used in AFGA stations

Construction in the Application

Draw a segment between the centers of the femoral heads by clicking on their centers Move the mouse down to the lower articular surfaces of the tibial bones Click to fix one of the surfaces, move the mouse to the second articular surface and click again The application will display the difference in limb lengths in mm

Cobb Angle

The application uses the 1st variant of the Cobb method
The scoliosis angle is formed by intersecting perpendiculars, drawn towards each other from lines passing along the lower surface of the upper and the upper surface of the lower neutral vertebrae

Construction in the Application

• Click at the beginning and end of the first segment along the lower surface of the upper vertebra
• Click at the beginning and end of the second segment along the upper surface of the body of the lower vertebra

For the 2nd variant (with significant spinal curvature), use the standard angle tool (key on the keyboard)
The scoliosis angle is formed by intersecting lines passing along the lower surface of the upper and the upper surface of the lower neutral vertebrae
Classification of scoliosis by the angle of frontal curvature of the spine according to Cobb (V. D. Chaklin, 1961):

• Grade 1 - up to 10 degrees
• Grade 2 - up to 25 degrees
• Grade 3 - up to 45-50 degrees
• Grade 4 - more than 45-50 degrees

Shutter

Construction in the Application

• Click at the starting point of the Shutter
• Move the mouse to outline the region of interest
• Click at the ending point of the Shutter

Saving the Image Limited by the Shutter

• Hover the mouse over the Shutter border
• Click the "More" button
• Click the corresponding item in the list to choose the required action

Marking Mammogram Sectors

• To cancel a measurement during construction, right-click
• To cancel the measurement construction and return to the default tool, press the key on the keyboard

For editing measurements, see Measurement Manipulations